East end near broadview.

NEW LOCAL FREIGHT RATES.

NEW local freight rates bearing date of

October 4 have been put into force

out of Toronto, Parkdale, Toronto

Junction, North Toronto, Swansea, on iron

commodities including bolts, nuts, washers,

chain, horseshoes, galvanizediron, iron pipe

and fittings, boiler tubes, nails, rivets, fence

wire, rope, pig iron, railway bolts, spikes,

fish plates, angle bars, etc.

“These rates,” said the jobber,” have

been put into force at the earnest solicita-

tion of the merchants and manufacturers of

Toronto. As a result, shippers are now on

an equal footing with Montreal, although we

should have had these rates earlier in the

year. We did, in fact, have them from the

C.P.R., but the Grand Trunk was slow in

getting into line. The railways will no

doubt be benefitted, because they will now

have a double haul—freight into Toronto

and freight out of Toronto on the same

goods. The most annoying part of the

business is that the merchants here have

had to agitate so persistently before they

could induce the railways to do what they

had a right to do long ago,” he concluded

PAINTING IRONWORK. The pointing of ironwork is one of the most neglected yet important factors in its preservation, and one to which the mechanical engineer rarely devotes much time or thought. The majority of specifications merely state that the ironwork is to receive one, two or three coats, as the case may be, ignoring entirely the quality of the paint. Perhaps the engineer is not wholly to blame for this, as the manufacturers of paint, like other vendors of special articles, puff their rival wares until everyone, except the expert, is quite at a loss what special paint to choose. As a general rule, price is the first thing which influences the choice of paint, after which comes color, and finally covering power. The preservative action is seldom considered, whereas if this were kept prominently forward we should have had exhaustive experiments on the subject and some consensus of opinion as to the proper paint to use for ironwork, one which would thoroughly preserve it under the most adverse circumstances, thereby saving the loss due to oxidation. A paint to preserve ironwork should possess great firmness, good hardening proper&ties ; it should be elastic and expand and contract readily with the iron at varying temperatures. Of the best paints those most used are the oxide of iron and red and other colors of lead paints. Oxide of iron paints possess greater covering power  than lead paints in the proportion of three to two. From some experiments which have been made with some of Wolston’s Torbay oxide of iron paint it was found that on a surface of ten superficial yards it took for the first coat of oxide, 1 pound ; for the second coating, pounds, and for the third coat, 2 pounds ; whilst with the lead paint \yi pounds were used for the first coat, 2^ pounds for the second coat, 3^ pounds for the third coat. The manufacture of what is known as the Torbay oxide paints is principally in the hands of two firms, the Torbay and Dart Paint Co. and the Torbay Paint Co. ; these firms make it from the natural oxide found in abundance at Brixham, South Devon. Oxide of iron paint is also made from natural oxide at Via Gellia, near Matlock, Derbyshire, and at many other places in the kingdom. The oxide is thoroughly pulverized, levigated and washed through a woven mesh, finally passing through a brass-woven mesh of over four thousand holes to the square inch. The pigment combines thoroughly with iron, entering minutely into its pores by reason of its extreme fineness. It is claimed by the makers of paint from natural oxides that these oxides possess some mysterious ad&vantages over artificial oxides which have beenobtainedasby-productsfromchemicals, that the paints from artificial oxides do not possess good covering powers, that they have not the power of amalgamating with oil, and that they have an acid reaction which necessarily corrodes the iron. This may be the fact in some cases, but we have seen artificial oxide paints which have none of these disadvantages and which have a decided alkaline reaction, thus equaling, if not rivalling, the natural oxide paint, and. being made from waste products, they are necessarily cheaper. A good paint for ironwork should be free from grit, uniform in quality, unchangeable under atmospheric influences, possess great covering powers, and be of an alkaline nature. The whole of these qualities can be tested by the ordinary painter under proper supervision, except the last, which requires chemical knowledge ; and we should strongly recommend the users of paint for ironwork to test their paints in conjunction with a qualified analytical chemist who has made the subject his study. Before painting the surface of galvanized iron it should be washed by an alkaline solution, as the galvanized iron frequently has a greasy acid surface when it leaves the galvanizing bath. In painting constructional iron work the wrought iron should be allowed to weather first before painting, as the oxide which forms on the surface of the iron when rolled will always sooner or later peel off, carrying whatever coats of boiled oil or paint there may be put upon it. We have seen this oxide peel off in flakes two feet and three feet square ; we know that engineers are fond of specifying the iron to be oiled whilst hot from the rolls, and we have even seen it specified that castings should be coated with boiled oil whilst red hot. How the gushing engineer expected the castings to be fettled and cleaned before this operation we know not. A good coat of paint improves the appearance of a machine, bridge or roof, and although it may seem a minor matter, yet we believe there is money to be saved by careful attention to the quality and price of the paint used on iron work.—Mechanical World.

in this issue it was also reported,

Mr. Robt. H. Shaw, the manager ofThe Standard Fuel Co,, Toronto Junction, is

dead.

West of the Grounds the driveway Is carried to the of the high bank, from which a splendid view over the lake Is afforded. and will continue along this high bank to a point lust east of Sunnyside Station, where It will descend again to the elevation of eight feet above the lake and will be carried at this elevation through to the Humber River. where connection will be made with the boulevard and driveway to be constructed by the city up the Humber Valley. From Sunnyside to the Humber. distance of slightly over a mlle. one of the most interesting portions of the work planned by the Commissioners will be carried out. Provision will be made for a four-track radial railway entrance to the city from the West on an elevation equal to that occupied by the Tracks. From these radial tracks connection can be made at a later slate, desired. with any subway system from Sunnyside to the centre of the city. This reservation will be eighty feet wide : its southerly limit will be an average of thirty feet south of the present Lake Shore Road. A new sixty-slx foot street will be provided to replace the present

Lake Shore Road. and south of this new street will be the

reservation for commercial purposes previously mentioned. The buildings erected on this area will front on a terrace. fifty-five feet wide, and at an elevation eight feet above the boulevard and driveway and sixteen feet above the lake. This terrace will be equipped with wide concrete walks at both sides and a park-treatment in the centre, and will be divided from the boulevard proper by concrete retaining wall and parapet broken at short intervals by openings forty feet in width. through which there will be access by means of broad concrete steps to the lower promenade and boulevard. Outside the boulevard and driveway, which includes also throughout its whole length promenade walks and bridle path, there will be a fine sand bathing beach. fronting on the protected waterway for a distance of about a mile and

text in above picture,

Western Summer Resort

Perspective view from Keele St. to Indian Rd.

LAKE ONTARIO. BREAKWATER. PROTECTED WATERWAY, BEACH, WALK, BRIDGE PATH. DRIVEWALK. WALK, STEPS TO EIGHT FEET ABOVE BOULEVARD DRlVE. WALK. PARK, BOARDWALK FlFTEEN FEET WIDE
RESERVATION FOR AMUSEMENT FEATURES. ETC.
SIXTY-SIX FOOT STREET- EIGHTY FOOT FOUR
TRACK RADIAL RAlLWAY RESERVATION
GRAND TRUNK RALWAY SYSTEM
AND HIGH PARK

The city of Toronto is working though a large port lands and anti flooding    project in the east waterfront, primary around Cherry St and the length of commissioners St.

While waterfront flooding has been a topic of discussion for over a hundred years in Toronto, in August of 1900 the city and plumbing professionals were in a discussion about residential house drains, and the air breathers that were are on many local lawns.

TORONTO, CANADA, August 9th, 1900

DEAR SIRS,–Your circular letter of August 4th requesting my

opinion on the subject of main traps on house sewer connections

duly received.

In a properly designed sewerage system, main traps are n

necessary, and I am now, after several years residence

Toronto, of the opinion _that in the combined sewerage system

the main traps should be abolished.

The so-called “breathers”-which prominent afeaturt

in the front lawns of Toronto and in many ofhcr places that have

followed Toronto’s example, are in my opinion a menace to the

health-oF-the-citizens. The-only’pr actltfal method of properly

ventilating street sewers is through the house soil pipes, each o

which should have a free opening from the main sewer to a pain

above the roofs of the buildings.

In 1888 I ,advocated the abolition of main traps on house

sewers, and l Siicceeded in inducing the town of Brockville to

adopt my recommendation, although at that timeI believe I was

the orly engineer”‘Tn Canada who advocated so radical

departure from the old metbod. The Brock ville system has now

been in operation for twelve years and has proven entirely

satisfactory. The s’ewer system is well ventilated by means of

the house sewers notwithstanding the fact that the manholes are

completely closed over by ice and snow during the winter

months.

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